On national security grounds, the United States has incrementally adopted laws and policies to restrict and scrutinize foreign sources of, and access to, emerging and other technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, advanced semiconductors, quantum computing, and enhanced cyber capabilities. Those laws and policies include restrictions on foreign investment in U.S. critical technology businesses, prohibitions of information and communications technology transactions, export controls, and supply chain restrictions. Additionally, the United States has ramped up efforts to curb foreign access to individual and government-related data that may be used for malign purposes, or by adversaries to advance their Artificial Intelligence capabilities.